Iyo uguzeibishyimbo bya kawa, dukunze kubona amakuru ku ipaki nk'ubwoko bw'ibishyimbo, ingano yabyo, urwego rwabyo rwokeje, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n'uburyohe bwabyo. Ni gake cyane dusanga ingano y'ibishyimbo ivugwa, ariko mu by'ukuri, iki ni nacyo gipimo cy'ingenzi cyo gupima ubuziranenge.
Sisitemu yo gushyira mu byiciro ingano
Kuki ingano ari ingenzi cyane? Ni gute igira ingaruka ku buryohe? Ese igishyimbo kinini gihora gisobanura ko gifite ubuziranenge bwiza? Mbere yo kwibanda kuri ibi bibazo, reka tubanze dusobanukirwe ingingo zimwe na zimwe z'ibanze.
Mu gihe cyo gutunganya ibishyimbo bya kawa, abakora batondekanya ibishyimbo bakurikije ingano yabyo binyuze mu buryo bwitwa "gusuzuma".
Gupima bikoresha utuyunguruzo tw’ibishyimbo dufite ingano zitandukanye kuva kuri santimetero 8.0 kugeza kuri santimetero 3.2 kugira ngo bitandukanye ingano y’ibishyimbo.
Izi ngano, kuva kuri 20/64 kugeza kuri 8/64, zitwa "amanota" kandi ubusanzwe zikoreshwa mu gusuzuma ubwiza bw'ibishyimbo bya kawa.
Kuki Ingano ari ingenzi?
Muri rusange, uko igishyimbo cya kawa kiba kinini, niko uburyohe bwacyo burushaho kuba bwiza. Ibi ahanini biterwa nuko ibishyimbo bigira igihe kirekire cyo gukura no gukura ku giti cya kawa, ibyo bigatuma habaho impumuro nziza n'uburyohe bwinshi.
Mu moko abiri y’ingenzi ya kawa, Arabica na Robusta, bingana na 97% by’umusaruro wa kawa ku isi, ibishyimbo binini cyane byitwa "Maragogipe," kuva kuri santimetero 19/64 kugeza kuri santimetero 20/64. Ariko, hari ibidasanzwe, nk'ibishyimbo bito kandi byuzuyemo "Peaberry", bizaganirwaho nyuma.
Ingano zitandukanye n'imiterere yazo
Ibishyimbo bifite uburebure buri hagati ya santimetero 18/64 na santimetero 17/64 bishyirwa mu byiciro by’inganda nk’ibishyimbo “binini”. Bitewe n’aho byaturutse, bishobora kugira amazina yihariye nka “Supremo” (Kolombiya), “Superior” (Amerika yo Hagati), cyangwa “AA” (Afurika n’Ubuhinde). Iyo ubonye aya magambo ku ipaki, akenshi yerekeza ku bishyimbo bya kawa byiza cyane. Ibi bishyimbo bikura igihe kirekire, kandi nyuma yo kubitunganya neza, uburyohe bwabyo bugaragara neza.
Ibikurikiraho ni ibishyimbo "biri hagati", bifite hagati ya santimetero 15/64 na 16/64, bizwi kandi nka "Excelso," "Segundas," cyangwa "AB." Nubwo bikura igihe gito, iyo bitunganyijwe neza, bishobora kugera cyangwa birengeje ubwiza bw'ibishyimbo binini muri rusange.
Ibishyimbo bifite uburebure bwa santimetero 14/64 byitwa ibishyimbo "bito" (byitwa kandi "UCQ," "Terceras," cyangwa "C"). Ibi bikunze gufatwa nk'ibishyimbo bifite ubuziranenge buke, nubwo uburyohe bwabyo bukiri bwemewe. Ariko, iri tegeko si ryo rihamye. Urugero, muri Etiyopiya, aho ibishyimbo bito bikorerwa cyane, iyo bitunganyijwe neza, ibi bishyimbo bito bishobora gutanga uburyohe n'impumuro nziza.
Ibishyimbo bitoya birenze santimetero 14/64 byitwa "Ibishyimbo bya Shell" kandi bikunze gukoreshwa mu mvange za kawa zihendutse. Ariko, hari itandukaniro - ibishyimbo bya "Peaberry", nubwo ari bito, bifatwa cyane nk'ibishyimbo by'igiciro cyinshi.
Ibidasanzwe
Ibishyimbo bya Maragogipe
Ibishyimbo bya Maragogipe bikorerwa cyane cyane muri Afurika no mu Buhinde, ariko kubera ko ari binini, bikunze gutekwa mu buryo butaringaniye, ibyo bikaba byatuma habaho uburyohe budahuje. Kubwibyo, ntibifatwa nk'ibishyimbo byiza cyane. Ariko, iki kibazo ni umwihariko w’ubwoko bwa Arabica na Robusta.
Hariho kandi ubwoko bubiri buto bugira 3% by'umusaruro ku isi yose - Liberica na Excelsa. Ubu bwoko butanga ibishyimbo binini, ingano isa n'iya Maragogipe, ariko kubera ko ibishyimbo bikomeye, birakomera mu gihe cyo guteka kandi bifatwa nk'ibifite ubuziranenge.
Ibishyimbo bya Peanut
Ibishyimbo bya peanut bifite ingano iri hagati ya santimetero 8/64 na santimetero 13/64. Nubwo ari bito mu bwinshi, akenshi bifatwa nk'ikawa iryoshye kandi ihumura neza kurusha izindi, rimwe na rimwe byitwa "ishingiro rya kawa."
Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku bunini bw'ibishyimbo bya kawa
Ingano y'ibishyimbo bya kawa iterwa ahanini n'ubwoko bwabyo, ariko ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije nk'ikirere n'ubutumburuke nabyo bigira uruhare runini.
Iyo ubutaka, ikirere n'ubutumburuke bitari byiza, ibishyimbo by'ubwoko bumwe bishobora kuba kimwe cya kabiri cy'ingano isanzwe, ibyo bigatuma ubwiza bugabanuka.
Byongeye kandi, nubwo byaba bimeze kimwe, igipimo cyo gukura kw'imbuto ku giti kimwe cya kawa gishobora gutandukana. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umusaruro umwe ushobora kuba urimo ibishyimbo by'ingano zitandukanye.
Umwanzuro
Nyuma yo gusoma iyi nkuru, abantu benshi bashobora gutangira kwita ku bunini bw'ibishyimbo bya kawa iyo bahitamo ibishyimbo byaboimashini ya kawa yikora ku buryo bwikoraIki ni ikintu cyiza kuko ubu usobanukiwe akamaro k'ingano y'ibishyimbo ku buryohe.
Ibyo bivuzwe, benshiimashini ya kawaBa nyir'ibishyimbo kandi bavanga ibishyimbo by'ingano zitandukanye, bahindura ubwoko bw'ibishyimbo mu buryo bw'ubuhanga, bakateka, kandi bagateka kugira ngo babone uburyohe butangaje.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-21-2025
