Nyuma yuko abakiriya baguzeimashini ya kawa, ikibazo gikunze kubazwa cyane ni uburyo ibishyimbo bya kawa bikoreshwa mu mashini. Kugira ngo tumenye igisubizo cy'iki kibazo, tugomba kubanza gusobanukirwa ubwoko bw'ibishyimbo bya kawa.
Hari ubwoko bwa kawa burenga 100 ku isi, kandi bubiri buzwi cyane ni Arabica na Robusta/Canephora. Ubwoko bubiri bwa kawa butandukanye cyane mu buryohe, imiterere n'imiterere y'aho ihingwa.
Arabica: Ihenze, yoroshye, kandi ifite kafeyine nkeya.
Igishyimbo cya Arabica gisanzwe kigura kabiri ugereranyije n'ibishyimbo bya Robusta. Ku bijyanye n'ibikubiye mu bicuruzwa, Arabica ifite kafeyine nkeya (0.9-1.2%), ibinure biruta Robusta ku kigero cya 60%, n'isukari yikubye kabiri, bityo uburyohe bwa Arabica muri rusange ni bwiza, bworoshye, kandi busharira nk'imbuto z'amapera.
Byongeye kandi, aside chlorogenic ya Arabica iri hasi (5.5-8%), kandi aside chlorogenic ishobora kuba antioxydant, ariko kandi ikaba ingenzi mu kurwanya udukoko, bityo Arabica yibasirwa cyane n'udukoko, ariko kandi yibasirwa n'ikirere, muri rusange iterwa ahantu hirengeye, imbuto nke kandi zitinda. Imbuto zifite ishusho y'uruziga. (Ibishyimbo bya kawa by'umwimerere)
Kuri ubu, igihingwa kinini cya Arabica ni Brezili, kandi Kolombiya yera ikawa ya Arabica gusa.
Robusta: ihendutse, uburyohe busharira, kafeyine nyinshi
Mu buryo bunyuranye, Robusta ifite kafeyine nyinshi (1.6-2.4%), irimo ibinure bike n'isukari, ifite uburyohe busharira kandi bukomeye, ndetse bamwe bavuga ko ifite uburyohe bwa rubber.
Robusta ifite aside chlorogenic nyinshi (7-10%), ntishobora kwangizwa n'udukoko cyangwa ikirere, muri rusange iterwa ahantu hagufi, kandi yera imbuto nyinshi kandi vuba. Imbuto ni uruziga.
Ubu imirima minini ya Robusta iri muri Vietnam, umusaruro wayo ukaba uboneka no muri Afurika no mu Buhinde.
Kubera igiciro cyayo gihendutse, Robusta ikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora ifu ya kawa kugira ngo igabanye ibiciro. Ikawa nyinshi zihendutse ku isoko ni Robusta, ariko igiciro ntikingana n'ubwiza. Ikawa nziza ya Robusta ikunze gukoreshwa. Ikora espresso nziza, kuko amavuta yayo aba menshi. Robusta nziza iryoha kurusha iy'ibishyimbo bya Arabica bibi.
Bityo rero, guhitamo hagati y’ibishyimbo bibiri bya kawa ahanini biterwa n’ibyo umuntu akunda. Hari abantu bashobora gutekereza ko impumuro ya Arabica ikomeye cyane, abandi bagakunda ububabare butuje bwa Robusta. Ikintu kimwe cyonyine dufite ni ukwita cyane ku ngano ya caffeine iri muri yo niba ukunda caffeine, Robusta ifite caffeine ikubye kabiri Arabica.
Birumvikana ko ubu bwoko bubiri bwa kawa atari bwo bwonyine. Ushobora kandi kugerageza Java, Geisha, n'ubundi bwoko kugira ngo wongere uburyohe bushya ku bunararibonye bwawe bwa kawa.
Hazabaho kandi abakiriya bakunze kubaza niba ari byiza guhitamo ibishyimbo bya kawa cyangwa ifu ya kawa. Gukuraho ibikoresho bwite n'igihe, birumvikana ko ibishyimbo bya kawa. Impumuro ya kawa ituruka ku mavuta yaka, aba afunze mu mwenge w'ibishyimbo bya kawa. Nyuma yo gusya, impumuro n'ibinure bitangira guhindagurika, kandi uburyohe bwa kawa itetse buragabanuka cyane. Rero iyo uhanganye n'amahitamo yo guhitamo niba ushakaimashini ikoresha ikawa ako kanya cyangwaimashini nshya yo gusya ikawa, Niba witaye ku buryohe gusa, birumvikana ko wagakwiye guhitamo imashini nshya yo guteka ikawa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 13 Nyakanga-2023
