Uburyo imashini zigurisha amafaranga zikoresha amafaranga zinoza ubunararibonye bw'abakiriya

Uko ibintu byinshi bigurishwa buri munsi bijya ku makarita, telefoni, n'amasashe yo mu bwoko bwa digitale, imashini zigurisha ibicuruzwa zitezweho gutanga uburyo bwo kwishyura bwihuse kandi buri hasi nk'izindi nzira zo kugurisha. Uburyo bwo kwishyura bukoresha amafaranga make bukora ibirenze gusimbuza ibiceri n'inyemezabuguzi: bugabanya imbogamizi zo kugura, bugagabanya igihe cyo kugura, kandi bugatuma serivisi zihariye zumva zizewe ku bakiriya badakunze gutwara amafaranga. Iyi nkuru isobanura uburyo ibicuruzwa bikoresha amafaranga birushaho koroshya ibintu, byongera ibicuruzwa byarangiye, kandi bigashyigikira urugendo rworoshye rw'abakoresha kuva ku guhitamo ibicuruzwa kugeza ku kwishyura, ndetse berekana impamvu uburyo bwo kwishyura bwabaye ikintu gikenewe mu bucuruzi bugezweho bwikora.

Impamvu kugurisha amafaranga nta kiguzi ari ingenzi ku bunararibonye bw'abakiriya

Inganda zicuruza ibicuruzwa zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ririmo guhinduka bitewe n’uko abaguzi basaba ibikorwa bidahuzagurika.Igurishwa ry'amafaranga adakoreshejwe amafaranga ryateye imberekuva ku kwihemba mu buryo bwihariye kugeza ku giciro cy’ibanze cy’ibikorwa byo kwikorera bigezweho. Amakuru y’inganda agaragaza ko abaguzi barenga 70% ubu bakunda kwishyura amakarita cyangwa telefoni zigendanwa ku bicuruzwa bito bya buri munsi, bigahindura cyane cyane ibyo abantu biteze ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi rikora ku buryo bwikora.

Uko ubucuruzi butagira ababushinzwe bugenda bukura mu byiciro bishya by'ibicuruzwa, uburyo bwo kwishyura bukora nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi kigena urugendo rw'umukoresha. Kudahindura ubu buryo bitera inzitizi zihuse ku kwinjira kw'abaguzi bashya mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga.

Guhindura uburyo bwo kwishyura n'ibyo abakiriya biteze

Impinduka mu kuva ku mafaranga akoreshwa mu buryo bufatika yihuta cyane mu myaka icumi ishize. Abaguzi bakomeje gukoresha telefoni zigezweho, ama-smartwatches, na EMV chip card kugira ngo bakoreshe gahunda zabo za buri munsi. Iyo bahuye n'imashini ikoresha amafaranga gusa, igice kinini cy'abaguzi ba none baragenda aho gushaka ATM cyangwa bakishyura amafaranga menshi.

Iri hinduka bivuze ko abacuruza ibicuruzwa bagomba guhuza ibikoresho byabo n'amasashe y'ikoranabuhanga abakiriya babo basanzwe bafite. Kwitega ko ibicuruzwa byabo bihabwa agaciro ako kanya, bikwirakwira kuri buri gikorwa cyo kugura, bigatuma abakoresha ibiceri n'inyemezabuguzi ba kera bumva ko bashaje kandi ko bataryohewe n'abakoresha.

Ingaruka ku koroshya ibintu, guhindura ibintu, no kunyurwa

Gukuraho ikibazo cy’impinduka nyazo bifitanye isano itaziguye n’igipimo cyo hejuru cy’impinduka. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ahantu hashyirwa abasoma amafaranga nta kiguzi (cash free readers) hazamuka kugeza kuri 25% mu bunini bw’impinduka muri rusange.amahitamo y'ibicuruzwa bigezwehozishyigikira inzira zo kwishyurana inshuro nyinshi, abakora serivisi barushaho kunyurwa n'abakiriya cyane.

Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukorana vuba buhindura uburyo bushobora gutera ibibazo bugatuma serivisi idasaba imbaraga. Iyo abakiriya bazi ko bashobora kugura ikintu neza badahangayikishijwe no gutwara ibintu runaka, bitera inkunga ubucuruzi bushya kandi byubaka ubudahemuka mu gihe kirekire.

Uburyo imashini zigurisha amafaranga zikoresha amafaranga zinoza ubunararibonye bw'abakiriya

Uburyo bwo guhuza umuguzi n'imashini bugena intsinzi y'ubucuruzi bwikora. Kuvugurura sisitemu zikoresha amafaranga bigamije cyane cyane ibintu bikunze kugorana mu gihe cyo kugura, bikoroshya inzira kuva ku guhitamo ibicuruzwa kugeza ku itangwa rya nyuma.

Ibibazo by'abakiriya byagabanutse kubera kwishyura amafaranga nta mafaranga

Abakoresha ibiceri n'inyemezabuguzi gakondo bazwiho kwanga amafaranga yacitsemo gato cyangwa kunanirwa gutanga impinduka ikwiye, bigatuma abakoresha bahura n'ibibazo bibi. Byongeye kandi, gufungana kw'ibiceri mu buryo bwa mekanike bituma hafi 40% by'igihe imashini zikoresha zidakora, bigatuma abakiriya bacika intege kandi bigatuma abakoresha batakaza amafaranga.

Sisitemu zikoresha amafaranga make zikuraho impungenge zo gutakaza amafaranga ku muntu wemeye fagitire zitameze neza kandi zigakuraho umutwaro wo gutwara amafaranga nyayo. Mu kurenga ku bagenzura amafaranga afatika, abakora bashyiraho ahantu ho kugura hizewe cyane kandi hashobora gutegurwa neza aho ibyo bagura bigerwaho ku nshuro ya mbere.

Ingaruka zo kwihuta, guhitamo kwishyura, no kwishyura nta gukoresha contactless

Umuvuduko w'ibikorwa ni igipimo cy'ingenzi mu bice bihurira abantu benshi nko mu bigo by'ubwikorezi, za kaminuza, cyangwa aho ibiro biruhukira. Nubwo ibikorwa bisanzwe byo kwishyura amafaranga bishobora gufata hagati y'amasegonda 12 na 15 mu gihe abakoresha bashaka ibiceri, bashyiramo fagitire, kandi bagategereza ko amafaranga asigara, kwishyura ukoresheje tap-to-pay bikunze kurangira mu masegonda 3.

Gutangaamahitamo menshi yo kwishyura—harimo Apple Pay, Google Pay, n'amakarita asanzwe y'inguzanyo—igenzura ko nta mukiriya usigaye adahawe serivisi. Isuku yo kwishyura ukoresheje uburyo bworoshye irashimisha kandi abaguzi batekereza ku buzima bakunda kwirinda gukora ku buryo bwo kwishyura amafaranga n'amakarito bisangiwe.

Inyungu z'imikorere n'ubucuruzi zo kwishyurana nta cashless

Nubwo umuntu uhabwa inyungu zihuse zo kwishyura amafaranga adakoreshejwe amafaranga ari umukoresha wa nyuma, inyungu z'imikorere n'ubucuruzi ku bucuruzi nazo ni nini. Kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyura bihindura imiterere y'imari y'ibikorwa by'imihanda, bigabanura inyungu mu gihe icyarimwe bitera inyungu ku isoko ry'imari.

Kugurisha amafaranga gusa ugereranije n'amafaranga gusa

Kwishingikiriza ku mafaranga gusa bisaba inzira nyinshi zo gukusanya amafaranga, kubara amafaranga n'intoki, no kuyashyira mu mabanki. Ubu buryo busanzwe bufite ibyago, harimo n'impuzandengo y'igabanuka ry'amafaranga hagati ya 2% na 4% bitewe n'ubujura, amakosa mu ibaruramari, cyangwa ikoreshwa nabi ry'imbere mu kigo.

Guhindura uburyo bwo kwishyura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga binyuza amafaranga mu buryo butaziguye kuri konti z'abacuruzi, bigabanya cyane ingaruka z'umutekano n'ikiguzi cy'abakozi bijyana no gucunga amafaranga. Abakoresha bamara igihe gito babara ibihembwe kandi bamara igihe kinini basesengura inyungu z'inzira.

Kongera ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa no gukoresha neza imikorere

Inyungu ikomeye mu bucuruzi ni ukwiyongera kw'agaciro k'impinduka mu ihererekanya ry'amafaranga (ATV). Kubera ko abaguzi badakumirwa n'amafaranga afatika ari mu mifuka yabo, bashobora kugura ibintu by'igiciro cyangwa ibicuruzwa byinshi mu gihe kimwe, bigatuma ATV izamukaho 20% ikagera kuri 30%.

Byongeye kandi, sisitemu zo kwishyurana nta mafaranga zifitanye isano na porogaramu ya telemetry. Ibi bituma abakora bakurikirana urwego rw'ububiko mu gihe nyacyo n'ubuzima bw'imashini bari kure. Bakoresheje aya makuru, abakora bashobora kunoza inzira zo kongera gukusanya amakuru, bakagabanya serivisi zitari ngombwa kugeza kuri 15%, kandi bakareba neza ko ibicuruzwa bigurishwa cyane bitazigera bishira mu bubiko.

Icyo ugomba gusuzuma mu gihe ushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kwishyurana nta mafaranga

Kuvugurura imodoka zisanzwe cyangwa gushyiraho umuyoboro mushya w’imashini zikoresha amafaranga bisaba igenamigambi ryitondewe rya tekiniki n’imari. Abakora bagomba gukoresha ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, ibisabwa mu guhuza ibikoresho, n’amabwiriza akomeye kugira ngo barebe ko abakiriya barushaho kugira ubunararibonye bwiza.

Ibikenewe mu bikoresho, porogaramu, uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu, n'umutekano

Abasoma amafaranga ba none basaba ko habaho itumanaho rihamye rya telefoni zigendanwa kugira ngo bakore ibikorwa byihuse, akenshi bishingira ku miyoboro ya 4G LTE cyangwa 5G. Imashini zishyirwa mu mazu yo munsi cyangwa mu nyubako zikingiwe cyane zishobora gusaba antene zikoresha uburyo bwinshi kugira ngo zigumane imbaraga zikenewe z'amakuru.

Ibikoresho bigomba gukorana neza n'ikibaho cyo kugenzura cy'imashini, akenshi bikoresha protocole ya Multi-Drop Bus (MDB). Amadirishya ya porogaramu akomeye arakenewe kugira ngo akurikirane amakuru y'ibyagurishijwe, acunge amafaranga asubizwa, kandi akurikirane igihe cyo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga, arebe neza ko sisitemu ikomeza gukora kandi irinzwe n'ikoranabuhanga.

Amafaranga yo gutunganya, kubahiriza amategeko ya PCI, n'amabwiriza

Korohereza abacuruzi gukoresha ikoranabuhanga bizana amafaranga yo gutunganya ibicuruzwa, asanzwe ari hagati ya 5% na 6% kuri buri gikorwa mu rwego rwo kwishyurana mu buryo buciriritse, cyangwa agakoreshwa ku giciro gihuriweho cy’amafaranga adahinduka hamwe n’ijanisha. Abakora bagomba gushyira aya mafaranga mu buryo bwabo bwo gutanga ibiciro, rimwe na rimwe bagakoresha ingamba ebyiri zo kwishyura ibiciro kugira ngo bakureho amafaranga batwaye.

Byongeye kandi, amashami yose yo kwishyura agomba kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga umutekano w’amakarita yo kwishyura (PCI-DSS) kugira ngo arinde amakuru y’abaguzi. Kubahiriza amategeko ntibishobora kuganirwaho kandi bisaba gukoresha ibyuma byemewe byo gukingira amakuru (P2PE) kugira ngo birinde umukoresha n’umuguzi inshingano.

Intambwe zifatika zo gushyira mu bikorwa kugira ngo abakiriya barusheho kugira uburambe bwiza

Ingamba zo gushyira mu bikorwa neza zitangirira ku igenzura ry’aho ibikorwa bibera kugira ngo harebwe imbaraga z’amakuru akoreshwa mu itumanaho rya telefoni mbere yo kuyashyiraho. Abakoresha bagomba gushyira mu bikorwa.ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'icyiciro, kugerageza imashini nto mbere yo kwiyemeza kuvugurura umuyoboro wose.

Ibimenyetso by’amabwiriza bisobanutse neza bigomba kongerwa kuri mashini kugira ngo bigishe abakoresha uburyo bushya bwo kwishyura, cyane cyane iyo hashyizwe mu bikorwa ibiciro bibiri. Kugira ngo babone inama zijyanye n’ingamba zo gushyira mu bikorwa no guhitamo ibikoresho, abakoresha bashobora gushakaubuyobozi bw'inzoberekugira ngo habeho impinduka nziza zigabanya igihe cyo kudakora no kongera gukoresha abakoresha.

Uburyo bwo kwemeza niba kugurisha amafaranga nta kiguzi ari byiza kuri

Nubwo hari ibyiza bisobanutse neza, icyemezo cyo gushora imari mu bucuruzi bw’amafaranga adakoreshejwe amafaranga kigomba gushingira ku makuru n’ubumenyi busobanutse neza bwaisoko ry'integoSi ahantu hose hatanga inyungu imwe ku ishoramari, bigatuma gushyira ibikorwa mu buryo bw'ibanze biba ingenzi cyane.

Ahantu heza cyane, ibyiciro by'abakiriya, n'ibyiciro by'ibicuruzwa

Ahantu hakunze kugaragara urujya n'uruza rw'abantu benshi nko mu bigo by'ubucuruzi, za kaminuza n'ibibuga by'indege niho hakunze kugaragara abakoresha uburyo bwo gukoresha amafaranga mu buryo butari ubw'amafaranga bitewe n'uko abaturage bakunze gukoresha amafaranga menshi mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga. Muri ibi bihe, umuvuduko w'ibikorwa bigira ingaruka ku mubare w'ibicuruzwa byose mu masaha y'akazi kenshi.

Byongeye kandi, imikorere idasaba amafaranga ni ngombwa ku mashini zitanga ibicuruzwa by’igiciro cyinshi. Iyo umucuruzi ateganya kugurisha ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, amavuta yo kwisiga ahenze, cyangwa amafunguro mashya agura hejuru y’amadolari 5.00, abakoresha amafaranga gusa baba bafite ikibazo gikomeye.ibijyanye n'ibisubizo by'umwuga byo kugurishabishobora gufasha abakora guhuza ikoranabuhanga n'ibicuruzwa bikwiye n'abaturage bakwiye.

Guhuza inyungu ku bunararibonye bw'abakiriya n'ikiguzi

Abakoresha bagomba kubara aho amafaranga agarukira ku ishoramari ry’ibikoresho. Gushyira imashini isanzweho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusoma amafaranga akenshi bitwara hagati y’amadolari 250 na 400, hamwe n’amafaranga ahoraho ya telemetri n’ay’inzira zigendanwa kuva kuri 8 kugeza kuri 10 kuri buri gikoresho.

Mu guteganya ko inyungu ku bicuruzwa izazamuka hagati ya 20% na 25% ugereranyije n'ikoreshwa ry'imari n'ibikorwa, ibigo bishobora kumenya niba ivugurura rizabaho. Mu turere twinshi, igihe cyo kwishyura gikunze kugaragara mu mezi 6 kugeza kuri 12 ya mbere.

Ibisobanuro birambuye:

• kugurisha amafaranga nta mafaranga
• kugurisha amafaranga nta mafaranga
• kugurisha amafaranga nta mafaranga

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu zo kugurisha amafaranga nta mafaranga
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Kuki imashini zigurisha zidafite amafaranga zinoza ubunararibonye bw'abakiriya?

Bikuraho gukenera gusimburanya amafaranga neza, bihutisha kwishyura, kandi bigabanya amafaranga yananiranye aturuka ku bakira amafaranga cyangwa abafata inyemezabuguzi.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kwishyura imashini igezweho ikwiye kwemera?

Emera amakarita ya EMV chip, amakarita ya banki adakoresha contactless, Apple Pay, Google Pay, n'andi makarita ya NFC mobile wallets kugira ngo afashe abakoresha benshi.

Ni gute kwishyura ukoresheje amafaranga byihuta kurusha amafaranga?

Gutanga amafaranga nta kiguzi (cash-to pay) bikunze kurangira mu masegonda 2-3, mu gihe kugura amafaranga akenshi bifata amasegonda 12-15.

Ese kugurisha nta mafaranga bishobora gufasha kongera ibicuruzwa ahantu hahurira abantu benshi?

Yego. Gukoresha amafaranga vuba no kwishyura byinshi bishobora kugabanya inzira zo gutemberera no kongera umubare w'ibikorwa, cyane cyane mu biro, mu mashuri no mu duce tw'imodoka.

Ese YL Vending itanga imashini zishyigikira uburyo bwo kwishyura nta mafaranga?

Yego. YL Vending itanga uburyo bwo gukoresha imashini zigurisha amafaranga menshi zifasha mu guhuza amakarita n'ama-wallets akoresha telefoni; reba ku mapaji y'ibicuruzwa byabo kugira ngo umenye ibisobanuro birambuye.